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Current Path: /opt/golang/1.19.4/src/syscall

📁 ..
📄 asan.go(410 B)
📄 asan0.go(342 B)
📄 asm9_unix2_amd64.s(1.24 KB)
📄 asm_aix_ppc64.s(540 B)
📄 asm_darwin_amd64.s(2.93 KB)
📄 asm_darwin_arm64.s(2.83 KB)
📄 asm_freebsd_arm.s(2.96 KB)
📄 asm_freebsd_arm64.s(2.79 KB)
📄 asm_linux_386.s(3.06 KB)
📄 asm_linux_amd64.s(1.31 KB)
📄 asm_linux_arm.s(1.74 KB)
📄 asm_linux_arm64.s(894 B)
📄 asm_linux_loong64.s(927 B)
📄 asm_linux_mips64x.s(892 B)
📄 asm_linux_mipsx.s(1.61 KB)
📄 asm_linux_ppc64x.s(891 B)
📄 asm_linux_riscv64.s(843 B)
📄 asm_linux_s390x.s(2.13 KB)
📄 asm_netbsd_amd64.s(1.02 KB)
📄 asm_netbsd_arm.s(2.85 KB)
📄 asm_netbsd_arm64.s(2.88 KB)
📄 asm_openbsd_386.s(1.04 KB)
📄 asm_openbsd_amd64.s(1.04 KB)
📄 asm_openbsd_arm.s(1.04 KB)
📄 asm_openbsd_arm64.s(1.04 KB)
📄 asm_openbsd_mips64.s(2.85 KB)
📄 asm_plan9_386.s(3.14 KB)
📄 asm_plan9_amd64.s(3.36 KB)
📄 asm_plan9_arm.s(3.25 KB)
📄 asm_solaris_amd64.s(1.73 KB)
📄 asm_unix_386.s(2.74 KB)
📄 asm_unix_amd64.s(2.15 KB)
📄 bpf_bsd.go(4.62 KB)
📄 bpf_darwin.go(3.97 KB)
📄 const_plan9.go(1.2 KB)
📄 creds_test.go(3.37 KB)
📄 dir_plan9.go(5.62 KB)
📄 dirent.go(2.95 KB)
📄 dirent_test.go(3.44 KB)
📄 dll_windows.go(8.22 KB)
📄 endian_big.go(249 B)
📄 endian_little.go(309 B)
📄 env_unix.go(2.85 KB)
📄 env_windows.go(1.75 KB)
📄 errors_plan9.go(1.61 KB)
📄 exec_aix_test.go(817 B)
📄 exec_bsd.go(7.42 KB)
📄 exec_freebsd.go(7.79 KB)
📄 exec_libc.go(7.74 KB)
📄 exec_libc2.go(7.89 KB)
📄 exec_linux.go(18.39 KB)
📄 exec_linux_test.go(17.49 KB)
📄 exec_pdeathsig_test.go(3 KB)
📄 exec_plan9.go(13.25 KB)
📄 exec_solaris_test.go(809 B)
📄 exec_unix.go(8.75 KB)
📄 exec_unix_test.go(7.03 KB)
📄 exec_windows.go(11.34 KB)
📄 exec_windows_test.go(3.1 KB)
📄 export_darwin_test.go(314 B)
📄 export_freebsd_test.go(304 B)
📄 export_linux_test.go(252 B)
📄 export_unix_test.go(347 B)
📄 export_windows_test.go(439 B)
📄 flock.go(704 B)
📄 flock_aix.go(564 B)
📄 flock_darwin.go(405 B)
📄 flock_linux_32bit.go(511 B)
📄 forkpipe.go(487 B)
📄 forkpipe2.go(307 B)
📄 fs_js.go(10.53 KB)
📄 getdirentries_test.go(2.07 KB)
📁 js
📄 lsf_linux.go(2.12 KB)
📄 mkall.sh(13.19 KB)
📄 mkasm.go(1.75 KB)
📄 mkerrors.sh(10.67 KB)
📄 mkpost.go(1.98 KB)
📄 mksyscall.pl(9.94 KB)
📄 mksyscall_libc.pl(7.96 KB)
📄 mksyscall_windows.go(1.99 KB)
📄 mksysctl_openbsd.pl(5.04 KB)
📄 mksysnum_dragonfly.pl(866 B)
📄 mksysnum_freebsd.pl(1.35 KB)
📄 mksysnum_linux.pl(1.26 KB)
📄 mksysnum_netbsd.pl(1.01 KB)
📄 mksysnum_openbsd.pl(872 B)
📄 mksysnum_plan9.sh(459 B)
📄 mmap_unix_test.go(563 B)
📄 msan.go(410 B)
📄 msan0.go(342 B)
📄 net.go(1.19 KB)
📄 net_js.go(2.11 KB)
📄 netlink_linux.go(4.63 KB)
📄 ptrace_darwin.go(381 B)
📄 ptrace_ios.go(368 B)
📄 pwd_plan9.go(1.55 KB)
📄 route_bsd.go(9.1 KB)
📄 route_darwin.go(2.01 KB)
📄 route_dragonfly.go(2.61 KB)
📄 route_freebsd.go(2.67 KB)
📄 route_freebsd_32bit.go(1.3 KB)
📄 route_freebsd_64bit.go(738 B)
📄 route_netbsd.go(1.43 KB)
📄 route_openbsd.go(1.46 KB)
📄 security_windows.go(10.12 KB)
📄 setuidgid_32_linux.go(435 B)
📄 setuidgid_linux.go(421 B)
📄 sock_cloexec_linux.go(632 B)
📄 sockcmsg_dragonfly.go(547 B)
📄 sockcmsg_linux.go(1.12 KB)
📄 sockcmsg_unix.go(2.51 KB)
📄 sockcmsg_unix_other.go(1.08 KB)
📄 syscall.go(3.62 KB)
📄 syscall_aix.go(17.88 KB)
📄 syscall_aix_ppc64.go(405 B)
📄 syscall_bsd.go(13.55 KB)
📄 syscall_bsd_test.go(1.17 KB)
📄 syscall_darwin.go(11.24 KB)
📄 syscall_darwin_amd64.go(1.92 KB)
📄 syscall_darwin_arm64.go(1.84 KB)
📄 syscall_dragonfly.go(8.57 KB)
📄 syscall_dragonfly_amd64.go(1.12 KB)
📄 syscall_freebsd.go(16.02 KB)
📄 syscall_freebsd_386.go(1.17 KB)
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📄 syscall_freebsd_arm64.go(1.12 KB)
📄 syscall_freebsd_test.go(1.55 KB)
📄 syscall_illumos.go(566 B)
📄 syscall_js.go(6.62 KB)
📄 syscall_linux.go(33.47 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_386.go(9.75 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_amd64.go(4.61 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_arm.go(6.46 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_arm64.go(5.94 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_loong64.go(7 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_mips64x.go(5.8 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_mipsx.go(6.26 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_ppc64x.go(4.46 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_riscv64.go(5.63 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_s390x.go(7.75 KB)
📄 syscall_linux_test.go(20.17 KB)
📄 syscall_netbsd.go(7.82 KB)
📄 syscall_netbsd_386.go(716 B)
📄 syscall_netbsd_amd64.go(709 B)
📄 syscall_netbsd_arm.go(716 B)
📄 syscall_netbsd_arm64.go(709 B)
📄 syscall_openbsd.go(6.92 KB)
📄 syscall_openbsd1.go(609 B)
📄 syscall_openbsd_386.go(715 B)
📄 syscall_openbsd_amd64.go(701 B)
📄 syscall_openbsd_arm.go(715 B)
📄 syscall_openbsd_arm64.go(906 B)
📄 syscall_openbsd_libc.go(3.49 KB)
📄 syscall_openbsd_mips64.go(934 B)
📄 syscall_plan9.go(8.97 KB)
📄 syscall_plan9_test.go(1.15 KB)
📄 syscall_ptrace_test.go(768 B)
📄 syscall_solaris.go(15.47 KB)
📄 syscall_solaris_amd64.go(487 B)
📄 syscall_test.go(1.44 KB)
📄 syscall_unix.go(12.05 KB)
📄 syscall_unix_test.go(9.43 KB)
📄 syscall_windows.go(48.92 KB)
📄 syscall_windows_test.go(3.38 KB)
📄 tables_js.go(19.17 KB)
📄 time_fake.go(677 B)
📄 time_nofake.go(351 B)
📄 timestruct.go(944 B)
📄 types_aix.go(3.35 KB)
📄 types_darwin.go(5.03 KB)
📄 types_dragonfly.go(5.05 KB)
📄 types_freebsd.go(6.96 KB)
📄 types_illumos_amd64.go(379 B)
📄 types_linux.go(10.9 KB)
📄 types_netbsd.go(4.77 KB)
📄 types_openbsd.go(5.04 KB)
📄 types_solaris.go(4.88 KB)
📄 types_windows.go(27.71 KB)
📄 types_windows_386.go(477 B)
📄 types_windows_amd64.go(477 B)
📄 types_windows_arm.go(477 B)
📄 types_windows_arm64.go(477 B)
📄 zerrors_aix_ppc64.go(47.16 KB)
📄 zerrors_darwin_amd64.go(55.28 KB)
📄 zerrors_darwin_arm64.go(55.79 KB)
📄 zerrors_dragonfly_amd64.go(59.62 KB)
📄 zerrors_freebsd_386.go(67.35 KB)
📄 zerrors_freebsd_amd64.go(67.4 KB)
📄 zerrors_freebsd_arm.go(67.34 KB)
📄 zerrors_freebsd_arm64.go(67.41 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_386.go(58.31 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_amd64.go(58.35 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_arm.go(58.84 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_arm64.go(69.52 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_loong64.go(83.67 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_mips.go(70.14 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_mips64.go(69.46 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_mips64le.go(69.46 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_mipsle.go(70.14 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_ppc64.go(71.84 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_ppc64le.go(72.8 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_riscv64.go(71.76 KB)
📄 zerrors_linux_s390x.go(74.28 KB)
📄 zerrors_netbsd_386.go(67.48 KB)
📄 zerrors_netbsd_amd64.go(67.07 KB)
📄 zerrors_netbsd_arm.go(66.49 KB)
📄 zerrors_netbsd_arm64.go(67.07 KB)
📄 zerrors_openbsd_386.go(62.52 KB)
📄 zerrors_openbsd_amd64.go(62.48 KB)
📄 zerrors_openbsd_arm.go(62.47 KB)
📄 zerrors_openbsd_arm64.go(66.36 KB)
📄 zerrors_openbsd_mips64.go(66.66 KB)
📄 zerrors_solaris_amd64.go(50.72 KB)
📄 zerrors_windows.go(9.97 KB)
📄 zsyscall_aix_ppc64.go(40.56 KB)
📄 zsyscall_darwin_amd64.go(51.17 KB)
📄 zsyscall_darwin_amd64.s(8.63 KB)
📄 zsyscall_darwin_arm64.go(51.13 KB)
📄 zsyscall_darwin_arm64.s(8.61 KB)
📄 zsyscall_dragonfly_amd64.go(31.19 KB)
📄 zsyscall_freebsd_386.go(33.56 KB)
📄 zsyscall_freebsd_amd64.go(33.42 KB)
📄 zsyscall_freebsd_arm.go(33.58 KB)
📄 zsyscall_freebsd_arm64.go(33.42 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_386.go(34.12 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_amd64.go(38.93 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_arm.go(38.03 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_arm64.go(37.4 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_loong64.go(36.29 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_mips.go(39.78 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_mips64.go(39.78 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_mips64le.go(39.79 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_mipsle.go(39.78 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_ppc64.go(40.42 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_ppc64le.go(40.43 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_riscv64.go(37.43 KB)
📄 zsyscall_linux_s390x.go(34.74 KB)
📄 zsyscall_netbsd_386.go(29.63 KB)
📄 zsyscall_netbsd_amd64.go(29.48 KB)
📄 zsyscall_netbsd_arm.go(29.63 KB)
📄 zsyscall_netbsd_arm64.go(29.48 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_386.go(47.17 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_386.s(7.95 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_amd64.go(47.03 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_amd64.s(7.95 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_arm.go(47.19 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_arm.s(7.95 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_arm64.go(47.03 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_arm64.s(7.95 KB)
📄 zsyscall_openbsd_mips64.go(30.33 KB)
📄 zsyscall_plan9_386.go(6.17 KB)
📄 zsyscall_plan9_amd64.go(6.18 KB)
📄 zsyscall_plan9_arm.go(6.17 KB)
📄 zsyscall_solaris_amd64.go(37.08 KB)
📄 zsyscall_windows.go(56.68 KB)
📄 zsysctl_openbsd.go(11.71 KB)
📄 zsysnum_darwin_amd64.go(14.55 KB)
📄 zsysnum_darwin_arm64.go(14.39 KB)
📄 zsysnum_dragonfly_amd64.go(22.94 KB)
📄 zsysnum_freebsd_386.go(25.65 KB)
📄 zsysnum_freebsd_amd64.go(25.65 KB)
📄 zsysnum_freebsd_arm.go(25.65 KB)
📄 zsysnum_freebsd_arm64.go(36.09 KB)
📄 zsysnum_linux_386.go(11.27 KB)
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📄 zsysnum_linux_ppc64.go(11.47 KB)
📄 zsysnum_linux_ppc64le.go(11.49 KB)
📄 zsysnum_linux_riscv64.go(8.88 KB)
📄 zsysnum_linux_s390x.go(10.64 KB)
📄 zsysnum_netbsd_386.go(25.69 KB)
📄 zsysnum_netbsd_amd64.go(25.69 KB)
📄 zsysnum_netbsd_arm.go(25.69 KB)
📄 zsysnum_netbsd_arm64.go(25.69 KB)
📄 zsysnum_openbsd_386.go(14.16 KB)
📄 zsysnum_openbsd_amd64.go(14.16 KB)
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📄 zsysnum_openbsd_mips64.go(14.93 KB)
📄 zsysnum_plan9.go(1.03 KB)
📄 zsysnum_solaris_amd64.go(293 B)
📄 ztypes_aix_ppc64.go(4.17 KB)
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📄 ztypes_darwin_arm64.go(6.95 KB)
📄 ztypes_dragonfly_amd64.go(6.7 KB)
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📄 ztypes_linux_riscv64.go(10.2 KB)
📄 ztypes_linux_s390x.go(10.39 KB)
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📄 ztypes_netbsd_amd64.go(6.17 KB)
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📄 ztypes_openbsd_386.go(6.73 KB)
📄 ztypes_openbsd_amd64.go(6.89 KB)
📄 ztypes_openbsd_arm.go(6.84 KB)
📄 ztypes_openbsd_arm64.go(6.66 KB)
📄 ztypes_openbsd_mips64.go(6.66 KB)
📄 ztypes_solaris_amd64.go(5.57 KB)

Editing: exec_linux_test.go

// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

//go:build linux

package syscall_test

import (
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"internal/testenv"
	"io"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"os/user"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"testing"
	"unsafe"
)

func isDocker() bool {
	_, err := os.Stat("/.dockerenv")
	return err == nil
}

func isLXC() bool {
	return os.Getenv("container") == "lxc"
}

func skipInContainer(t *testing.T) {
	// TODO: the callers of this func are using this func to skip
	// tests when running as some sort of "fake root" that's uid 0
	// but lacks certain Linux capabilities. Most of the Go builds
	// run in privileged containers, though, where root is much
	// closer (if not identical) to the real root. We should test
	// for what we need exactly (which capabilities are active?),
	// instead of just assuming "docker == bad". Then we'd get more test
	// coverage on a bunch of builders too.
	if isDocker() {
		t.Skip("skip this test in Docker container")
	}
	if isLXC() {
		t.Skip("skip this test in LXC container")
	}
}

func skipNoUserNamespaces(t *testing.T) {
	if _, err := os.Stat("/proc/self/ns/user"); err != nil {
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			t.Skip("kernel doesn't support user namespaces")
		}
		if os.IsPermission(err) {
			t.Skip("unable to test user namespaces due to permissions")
		}
		t.Fatalf("Failed to stat /proc/self/ns/user: %v", err)
	}
}

func skipUnprivilegedUserClone(t *testing.T) {
	// Skip the test if the sysctl that prevents unprivileged user
	// from creating user namespaces is enabled.
	data, errRead := os.ReadFile("/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone")
	if errRead != nil || len(data) < 1 || data[0] == '0' {
		t.Skip("kernel prohibits user namespace in unprivileged process")
	}
}

// Check if we are in a chroot by checking if the inode of / is
// different from 2 (there is no better test available to non-root on
// linux).
func isChrooted(t *testing.T) bool {
	root, err := os.Stat("/")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("cannot stat /: %v", err)
	}
	return root.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino != 2
}

func checkUserNS(t *testing.T) {
	skipInContainer(t)
	skipNoUserNamespaces(t)
	if isChrooted(t) {
		// create_user_ns in the kernel (see
		// https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/kernel/user_namespace.c)
		// forbids the creation of user namespaces when chrooted.
		t.Skip("cannot create user namespaces when chrooted")
	}
	// On some systems, there is a sysctl setting.
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		skipUnprivilegedUserClone(t)
	}
	// On Centos 7 make sure they set the kernel parameter user_namespace=1
	// See issue 16283 and 20796.
	if _, err := os.Stat("/sys/module/user_namespace/parameters/enable"); err == nil {
		buf, _ := os.ReadFile("/sys/module/user_namespace/parameters/enabled")
		if !strings.HasPrefix(string(buf), "Y") {
			t.Skip("kernel doesn't support user namespaces")
		}
	}

// On Centos 7.5+, user namespaces are disabled if user.max_user_namespaces = 0
	if _, err := os.Stat("/proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces"); err == nil {
		buf, errRead := os.ReadFile("/proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces")
		if errRead == nil && buf[0] == '0' {
			t.Skip("kernel doesn't support user namespaces")
		}
	}
}

func whoamiCmd(t *testing.T, uid, gid int, setgroups bool) *exec.Cmd {
	checkUserNS(t)
	cmd := exec.Command("whoami")
	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
		Cloneflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER,
		UidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{
			{ContainerID: 0, HostID: uid, Size: 1},
		},
		GidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{
			{ContainerID: 0, HostID: gid, Size: 1},
		},
		GidMappingsEnableSetgroups: setgroups,
	}
	return cmd
}

func testNEWUSERRemap(t *testing.T, uid, gid int, setgroups bool) {
	cmd := whoamiCmd(t, uid, gid, setgroups)
	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out)
	}
	sout := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
	want := "root"
	if sout != want {
		t.Fatalf("whoami = %q; want %q", out, want)
	}
}

func TestCloneNEWUSERAndRemapRootDisableSetgroups(t *testing.T) {
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		t.Skip("skipping root only test")
	}
	testNEWUSERRemap(t, 0, 0, false)
}

func TestCloneNEWUSERAndRemapRootEnableSetgroups(t *testing.T) {
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		t.Skip("skipping root only test")
	}
	testNEWUSERRemap(t, 0, 0, true)
}

func TestCloneNEWUSERAndRemapNoRootDisableSetgroups(t *testing.T) {
	if os.Getuid() == 0 {
		t.Skip("skipping unprivileged user only test")
	}
	testNEWUSERRemap(t, os.Getuid(), os.Getgid(), false)
}

func TestCloneNEWUSERAndRemapNoRootSetgroupsEnableSetgroups(t *testing.T) {
	if os.Getuid() == 0 {
		t.Skip("skipping unprivileged user only test")
	}
	cmd := whoamiCmd(t, os.Getuid(), os.Getgid(), true)
	err := cmd.Run()
	if err == nil {
		t.Skip("probably old kernel without security fix")
	}
	if !os.IsPermission(err) {
		t.Fatalf("Unprivileged gid_map rewriting with GidMappingsEnableSetgroups must fail")
	}
}

func TestEmptyCredGroupsDisableSetgroups(t *testing.T) {
	cmd := whoamiCmd(t, os.Getuid(), os.Getgid(), false)
	cmd.SysProcAttr.Credential = &syscall.Credential{}
	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
}

func TestUnshare(t *testing.T) {
	skipInContainer(t)
	// Make sure we are running as root so we have permissions to use unshare
	// and create a network namespace.
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		t.Skip("kernel prohibits unshare in unprivileged process, unless using user namespace")
	}

path := "/proc/net/dev"
	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			t.Skip("kernel doesn't support proc filesystem")
		}
		if os.IsPermission(err) {
			t.Skip("unable to test proc filesystem due to permissions")
		}
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, err := os.Stat("/proc/self/ns/net"); err != nil {
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			t.Skip("kernel doesn't support net namespace")
		}
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

orig, err := os.ReadFile(path)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	origLines := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(string(orig)), "\n")

cmd := exec.Command("cat", path)
	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
		Unshareflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNET,
	}
	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "operation not permitted") {
			// Issue 17206: despite all the checks above,
			// this still reportedly fails for some users.
			// (older kernels?). Just skip.
			t.Skip("skipping due to permission error")
		}
		t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out)
	}

// Check there is only the local network interface
	sout := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
	if !strings.Contains(sout, "lo:") {
		t.Fatalf("Expected lo network interface to exist, got %s", sout)
	}

lines := strings.Split(sout, "\n")
	if len(lines) >= len(origLines) {
		t.Fatalf("Got %d lines of output, want <%d", len(lines), len(origLines))
	}
}

func TestGroupCleanup(t *testing.T) {
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		t.Skip("we need root for credential")
	}
	cmd := exec.Command("id")
	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
		Credential: &syscall.Credential{
			Uid: 0,
			Gid: 0,
		},
	}
	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out)
	}
	strOut := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
	t.Logf("id: %s", strOut)

expected := "uid=0(root) gid=0(root)"
	// Just check prefix because some distros reportedly output a
	// context parameter; see https://golang.org/issue/16224.
	// Alpine does not output groups; see https://golang.org/issue/19938.
	if !strings.HasPrefix(strOut, expected) {
		t.Errorf("expected prefix: %q", expected)
	}
}

func TestGroupCleanupUserNamespace(t *testing.T) {
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		t.Skip("we need root for credential")
	}
	checkUserNS(t)
	cmd := exec.Command("id")
	uid, gid := os.Getuid(), os.Getgid()
	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
		Cloneflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER,
		Credential: &syscall.Credential{
			Uid: uint32(uid),
			Gid: uint32(gid),
		},
		UidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{
			{ContainerID: 0, HostID: uid, Size: 1},
		},
		GidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{
			{ContainerID: 0, HostID: gid, Size: 1},
		},
	}
	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out)
	}
	strOut := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
	t.Logf("id: %s", strOut)

// As in TestGroupCleanup, just check prefix.
	// The actual groups and contexts seem to vary from one distro to the next.
	expected := "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)"
	if !strings.HasPrefix(strOut, expected) {
		t.Errorf("expected prefix: %q", expected)
	}
}

// TestUnshareHelperProcess isn't a real test. It's used as a helper process
// for TestUnshareMountNameSpace.
func TestUnshareMountNameSpaceHelper(*testing.T) {
	if os.Getenv("GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS") != "1" {
		return
	}
	defer os.Exit(0)
	if err := syscall.Mount("none", flag.Args()[0], "proc", 0, ""); err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "unshare: mount %v failed: %v", os.Args, err)
		os.Exit(2)
	}
}

// Test for Issue 38471: unshare fails because systemd has forced / to be shared
func TestUnshareMountNameSpace(t *testing.T) {
	skipInContainer(t)
	// Make sure we are running as root so we have permissions to use unshare
	// and create a network namespace.
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		t.Skip("kernel prohibits unshare in unprivileged process, unless using user namespace")
	}

d, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "unshare")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("tempdir: %v", err)
	}

cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestUnshareMountNameSpaceHelper", d)
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1")
	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Unshareflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNS}

o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), ": permission denied") {
			t.Skipf("Skipping test (golang.org/issue/19698); unshare failed due to permissions: %s, %v", o, err)
		}
		t.Fatalf("unshare failed: %s, %v", o, err)
	}

// How do we tell if the namespace was really unshared? It turns out
	// to be simple: just try to remove the directory. If it's still mounted
	// on the rm will fail with EBUSY. Then we have some cleanup to do:
	// we must unmount it, then try to remove it again.

if err := os.Remove(d); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("rmdir failed on %v: %v", d, err)
		if err := syscall.Unmount(d, syscall.MNT_FORCE); err != nil {
			t.Errorf("Can't unmount %v: %v", d, err)
		}
		if err := os.Remove(d); err != nil {
			t.Errorf("rmdir after unmount failed on %v: %v", d, err)
		}
	}
}

// Test for Issue 20103: unshare fails when chroot is used
func TestUnshareMountNameSpaceChroot(t *testing.T) {
	skipInContainer(t)
	// Make sure we are running as root so we have permissions to use unshare
	// and create a network namespace.
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		t.Skip("kernel prohibits unshare in unprivileged process, unless using user namespace")
	}

d, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "unshare")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("tempdir: %v", err)
	}

// Since we are doing a chroot, we need the binary there,
	// and it must be statically linked.
	x := filepath.Join(d, "syscall.test")
	cmd := exec.Command(testenv.GoToolPath(t), "test", "-c", "-o", x, "syscall")
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "CGO_ENABLED=0")
	if o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Build of syscall in chroot failed, output %v, err %v", o, err)
	}

cmd = exec.Command("/syscall.test", "-test.run=TestUnshareMountNameSpaceHelper", "/")
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1")
	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Chroot: d, Unshareflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNS}

// How do we tell if the namespace was really unshared? It turns out
	// to be simple: just try to remove the executable. If it's still mounted
	// on, the rm will fail. Then we have some cleanup to do:
	// we must force unmount it, then try to remove it again.

if err := os.Remove(x); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("rm failed on %v: %v", x, err)
		if err := syscall.Unmount(d, syscall.MNT_FORCE); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Can't unmount %v: %v", d, err)
		}
		if err := os.Remove(x); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("rm failed on %v: %v", x, err)
		}
	}

if err := os.Remove(d); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("rmdir failed on %v: %v", d, err)
	}
}

func TestUnshareUidGidMappingHelper(*testing.T) {
	if os.Getenv("GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS") != "1" {
		return
	}
	defer os.Exit(0)
	if err := syscall.Chroot(os.TempDir()); err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
		os.Exit(2)
	}
}

// Test for Issue 29789: unshare fails when uid/gid mapping is specified
func TestUnshareUidGidMapping(t *testing.T) {
	if os.Getuid() == 0 {
		t.Skip("test exercises unprivileged user namespace, fails with privileges")
	}
	checkUserNS(t)
	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestUnshareUidGidMappingHelper")
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1")
	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
		Unshareflags:               syscall.CLONE_NEWNS | syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER,
		GidMappingsEnableSetgroups: false,
		UidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{
			{
				ContainerID: 0,
				HostID:      syscall.Getuid(),
				Size:        1,
			},
		},
		GidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{
			{
				ContainerID: 0,
				HostID:      syscall.Getgid(),
				Size:        1,
			},
		},
	}
	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out)
	}
}

type capHeader struct {
	version uint32
	pid     int32
}

type capData struct {
	effective   uint32
	permitted   uint32
	inheritable uint32
}

const CAP_SYS_TIME = 25
const CAP_SYSLOG = 34

type caps struct {
	hdr  capHeader
	data [2]capData
}

func getCaps() (caps, error) {
	var c caps

// Get capability version
	if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_CAPGET, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&c.hdr)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(nil)), 0); errno != 0 {
		return c, fmt.Errorf("SYS_CAPGET: %v", errno)
	}

// Get current capabilities
	if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_CAPGET, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&c.hdr)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&c.data[0])), 0); errno != 0 {
		return c, fmt.Errorf("SYS_CAPGET: %v", errno)
	}

return c, nil
}

func mustSupportAmbientCaps(t *testing.T) {
	var uname syscall.Utsname
	if err := syscall.Uname(&uname); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Uname: %v", err)
	}
	var buf [65]byte
	for i, b := range uname.Release {
		buf[i] = byte(b)
	}
	ver := string(buf[:])
	ver, _, _ = strings.Cut(ver, "\x00")
	if strings.HasPrefix(ver, "2.") ||
		strings.HasPrefix(ver, "3.") ||
		strings.HasPrefix(ver, "4.1.") ||
		strings.HasPrefix(ver, "4.2.") {
		t.Skipf("kernel version %q predates required 4.3; skipping test", ver)
	}
}

// TestAmbientCapsHelper isn't a real test. It's used as a helper process for
// TestAmbientCaps.
func TestAmbientCapsHelper(*testing.T) {
	if os.Getenv("GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS") != "1" {
		return
	}
	defer os.Exit(0)

caps, err := getCaps()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
		os.Exit(2)
	}
	if caps.data[0].effective&(1<<uint(CAP_SYS_TIME)) == 0 {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "CAP_SYS_TIME unexpectedly not in the effective capability mask")
		os.Exit(2)
	}
	if caps.data[1].effective&(1<<uint(CAP_SYSLOG&31)) == 0 {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "CAP_SYSLOG unexpectedly not in the effective capability mask")
		os.Exit(2)
	}
}

func TestAmbientCaps(t *testing.T) {
	// Make sure we are running as root so we have permissions to use unshare
	// and create a network namespace.
	if os.Getuid() != 0 {
		t.Skip("kernel prohibits unshare in unprivileged process, unless using user namespace")
	}

testAmbientCaps(t, false)
}

func TestAmbientCapsUserns(t *testing.T) {
	checkUserNS(t)
	testAmbientCaps(t, true)
}

func testAmbientCaps(t *testing.T, userns bool) {
	skipInContainer(t)
	mustSupportAmbientCaps(t)

skipUnprivilegedUserClone(t)

// skip on android, due to lack of lookup support
	if runtime.GOOS == "android" {
		t.Skip("skipping test on android; see Issue 27327")
	}

u, err := user.Lookup("nobody")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	uid, err := strconv.ParseInt(u.Uid, 0, 32)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	gid, err := strconv.ParseInt(u.Gid, 0, 32)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

// Copy the test binary to a temporary location which is readable by nobody.
	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "gotest")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
	defer f.Close()
	e, err := os.Open(os.Args[0])
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer e.Close()
	if _, err := io.Copy(f, e); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if err := f.Chmod(0755); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

cmd := exec.Command(f.Name(), "-test.run=TestAmbientCapsHelper")
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1")
	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
		Credential: &syscall.Credential{
			Uid: uint32(uid),
			Gid: uint32(gid),
		},
		AmbientCaps: []uintptr{CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYSLOG},
	}
	if userns {
		cmd.SysProcAttr.Cloneflags = syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER
		const nobody = 65534
		uid := os.Getuid()
		gid := os.Getgid()
		cmd.SysProcAttr.UidMappings = []syscall.SysProcIDMap{{
			ContainerID: int(nobody),
			HostID:      int(uid),
			Size:        int(1),
		}}
		cmd.SysProcAttr.GidMappings = []syscall.SysProcIDMap{{
			ContainerID: int(nobody),
			HostID:      int(gid),
			Size:        int(1),
		}}

// Set credentials to run as user and group nobody.
		cmd.SysProcAttr.Credential = &syscall.Credential{
			Uid: nobody,
			Gid: nobody,
		}
	}
	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err.Error())
	}
}

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